把办正事的基本功,留在手边。
下面几个模块是我陪同学最常用到的几份"抄一抄就能用"的参考:写邮件、引用格式、术语解释、提交前自查。看到合适的直接复制,不用记。
写邮件 · Academic email
给导师、课程协调人、supervisor、系秘书写邮件 —— 在英国学校这是正事,不是微信留言。这一节把结构、语气、几份常用模板放在一起。
开写之前的三个判断
01 · 收件人是谁
Professor / Dr / Mr/Ms / 名字
不确定时优先 Dear Dr [Surname];对方主动签了名字,你下一封才可以换成对方的名字。
02 · 一封只做一件事
Subject 里写清诉求
例:[PS4000] Extension request — 7 days。把课程代码和动作写进标题,系秘书检索时找得到。
03 · 语气是中性偏正式
不卑不亢,不撒娇
避免 "Sorry to bother you" 开头。陈述事实 + 明确请求 + 说下一步,就够了。
04 · 三段,尽量不超五句
背景 · 请求 · 下一步
没人有耐心读一屏。Context → Ask → Next step,每段一两句话。
邮件模板 · 直接复制改关键字
每个模板里 这种高亮 的部分需要替换成你自己的。复制整段后 Ctrl/⌘+F 搜索 [ 就能一个个改过来。
① 申请作业延期 · Extension request
写给课程协调人 / Module convenor · 截止日前至少 48 小时发
Subject: [PS4000] Extension request — [X] days
Dear Dr [Surname],
I am writing to request a [X]-day extension for the [essay / report / lab submission] due on [DD Month YYYY]. Over the past week I have been [briefly, one sentence, factual — e.g. recovering from a chest infection / dealing with a family bereavement / unable to access the lab due to a system outage], which has significantly affected my ability to finish the work on time.
If possible, I would like to submit by [new date]. I have attached [GP note / supporting document / N/A] for your reference. Please let me know whether a Mitigating Circumstances form is required in addition to this request.
Thank you for considering this, and apologies for the short notice.
Kind regards,
[Full name]
[Student number]
② 约见导师 · Request a tutorial / office hours
写给 Personal Tutor / Module tutor
Subject: [PS4000] Request for a short meeting — [topic]
Dear Dr [Surname],
I hope you are well. I am working on [the Week 6 case study / the dissertation literature review / the group project brief] and would like to check my direction with you before going further.
Would you have 15–20 minutes at any of the following times next week?
· [Tue 14:00]
· [Wed 10:30]
· [Thu 16:00]
If none of these suit, I am happy to fit around your availability. I will bring [a one-page outline / my current draft / the specific question about X] so we can make best use of the time.
Thank you very much.
Kind regards,
[Full name]
[Student number]
③ 提问 · Clarification on coursework
问作业要求、字数、格式、rubric 解读
Subject: [PS4000] Clarification on [assignment title]
Dear Dr [Surname],
I have a short question about the [Coursework 1 brief / Week 8 assessment]. In the brief it states that "[paste the sentence you are unsure about]". Could you confirm whether this means [your interpretation A], or whether [your interpretation B] would also be acceptable?
If there is a published FAQ or a Moodle post I should read first, please just point me to it — I want to make sure I am not repeating a question that has already been answered.
Thank you.
Kind regards,
[Full name]
[Student number]
④ 一周没回 · Polite follow-up
别连发第二封"请问看到了吗" —— 用这个
Subject: Re: [original subject] — gentle follow-up
Dear Dr [Surname],
I hope this week is going well. I am following up on my email below from [DD Month], in case it has been caught in the inbox. I appreciate that this is a busy period, and I am happy to wait — I just wanted to make sure it had arrived safely.
If it would be easier to respond by a short note saying when I might expect a reply, that is also perfectly fine.
Thank you.
Kind regards,
[Full name]
⑤ 第一次联系 Dissertation Supervisor
被分配/争取到导师之后,第一封开场信
Subject: Dissertation supervision — [your name], [topic area]
Dear Dr [Surname],
Thank you for agreeing to supervise my dissertation. I am [Full name], a [MSc Artificial Intelligence] student, and my current working topic is [e.g. explainability of transformer models in medical imaging].
At this stage I have done the following:
· Read [2–3 papers you've read];
· Sketched a [research question / hypothesis / rough structure];
· Identified [a dataset / a methodological gap / a case study] I am considering.
Before I go further, I would value your guidance on whether this direction is feasible and appropriately scoped. Could I book a first meeting of 20–30 minutes? I am available [two or three concrete windows].
I have attached a one-page proposal summary. I look forward to working with you.
Kind regards,
[Full name]
[Student number]
[Programme]
⑥ 申请特殊情况 · Mitigating Circumstances (MC)
身体/家庭/重大事件影响作业时 · 搭配学校的 MC 表单使用
Subject: Mitigating Circumstances submission — [Full name], [Student number]
Dear [Department Admin / MC Panel],
I am submitting a Mitigating Circumstances application for the assessment(s) listed below:
· [Module code — assessment name — original due date]
· [(add more lines as needed)]
Between [start date] and [end date], I experienced [concise, factual description — the panel needs the nature and the impact, not the full story]. This affected my ability to [revise / write / attend the exam] in the following specific ways: [1–2 sentences linking event → academic impact].
Supporting evidence is attached:
· [GP letter / death certificate / university counsellor note / hospital discharge summary].
I would like to request [a X-day extension / a deferral to the next sitting / a capped resit], whichever the panel considers appropriate under the regulations.
Thank you for considering this application.
Kind regards,
[Full name]
[Student number]
[Programme]
几个常犯的错
- 用 "Hi" 开头。 第一次写、或对方是 Professor / Dr 时,一律用
Dear。 - 把中文商务邮件照搬过来。"望百忙之中惠复"翻译成英文会很诡异。英语邮件不用谦辞开场,直接说事。
- 一封信塞三件事。延期请求 + 预约见面 + 问作业 —— 拆成三封,每封一件事,回复率会高很多。
- 只写 "Best"。可以,但第一次正式往来建议
Kind regards/Many thanks。 - 忘了署 Student Number。邮件签名里补上学号,对方查系统省一步。
引用格式 · Citation quick reference
作业被 Turnitin 揪、分数被扣、甚至走 academic misconduct —— 80% 源自引用没做对。这一节不是完整教材,只是一份"抄对格式"的速查。
Harvard — 英国最多见
| 类型 | 格式 |
|---|---|
| 正文引用 in-text |
(Smith, 2023) · Smith (2023) argues… · 三作者以上 (Smith et al., 2023) |
| 书籍 | Smith, J. (2023) The Title of the Book. London: Routledge. |
| 期刊文章 | Smith, J. (2023) 'The title of the article.' Journal Name, 12(3), pp. 45–60. |
| 章节 | Smith, J. (2023) 'Chapter title.' In: Jones, A. (ed.) Book Title. London: Routledge, pp. 45–60. |
| 网页 | Smith, J. (2023) Page title. [online] [Accessed on 12 Apr 2026] https://example.com |
| 报告 / 白皮书 | Organisation Name. (2023) Report title. London: Publisher. |
| 讲义 / Lecture | Lecturer, A. (2026) 'Lecture title.' Module code Module Name. University, City, Month. [Lecture] |
APA 7 — 心理学 / 商学常用
| 正文引用 | (Smith, 2023) · (Smith, 2023, p. 45) · (Smith & Jones, 2023) · 三作者以上首次就 et al. |
| 期刊 | Smith, J. (2023). The title of the article. Journal Name, 12(3), 45–60. https://doi.org/xxxx |
| 书籍 | Smith, J. (2023). The title of the book. Routledge. |
OSCOLA — 法学专用
| 脚注引用 | 1 Smith, Book Title (OUP 2023) 45. |
| 判例 | Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562 (HL) |
| 法条 | Human Rights Act 1998, s 3 |
不吃亏的几条原则
- 全篇一种风格。一份作业里只用一种(Harvard / APA / OSCOLA / Vancouver)。不要混。
- List 要 A–Z 排序。References 页按作者姓首字母排序;同一作者多篇按年份升序。
- 页码标在正文。直接引用(加引号的)必须标页码:
(Smith, 2023, p. 45)。转述可以不标。 - 不要引维基。可以读维基找线索,但只引原始文献。
- AI 工具要声明。大部分英国学校要求在末尾用 3–5 行陈述使用了哪些 AI 工具、哪些段落。不写比用了更严重。
- 学校有自己的版本。UCL Harvard、Leeds Harvard、Chicago Harvard 细节不同 —— 最终以你系 Handbook 为准。
英国学制术语 · Glossary
第一次看到这些词往往一头雾水。先知道它们是什么,遇事知道去哪办、找谁问。
Personal Tutor个人导师
学校分配给你、全程跟进你这个人状态的导师。成绩不理想、精神状态不好、签证问题、想延期 —— 一般从他/她开始。每学期至少见一次。
Module Convenor课程负责人
某一门课(module)的主讲 / 总负责。作业问题、rubric 解读、截止日期调整从这里走,不走 Personal Tutor。
Programme Director专业负责人
整个专业(programme)的负责人。涉及转专业、休学、毕业路径等较重大决定时找他。
Viva · Viva voce口试
口头答辩。PhD 一定有,硕士有时会抽查。本质是让你当面说明论文是自己写的、并回答"如果……你会怎么做"。
Mitigating Circumstances (MC / ECs)特殊情况申报
因疾病、家庭变故、重大事件影响作业或考试的正式申报通道。通常要提供证据(GP note 等)。批准后可能延期、免除、或 capped resit。
Extension作业延期
常规的、较短的延期(通常 3–7 天)。不需要到 MC 级别,由 Module Convenor 或学院表单处理。
Resit / Referral补考 / 补交
挂科或没及格的重做机会。多数学校 resit 的最高分会被 capped(封顶到 40 / 50 / 60 不等)。
Capped封顶
Resit 或特殊情况下,即使你考得很好,成绩只记到及格分。
Coursework平时作业
区别于 exam 的、在学期中交的作业(essay / report / portfolio / lab)。
Dissertation / Thesis毕业论文
英国 MSc 一般叫 dissertation(8 000–15 000 词),PhD 叫 thesis。本科的叫 final year project 或 dissertation。
Supervisor指导老师
论文 / dissertation 阶段分配给你的导师。见面频率自己要主动约,别等他找你。
Feedback反馈
批改意见,一般在 Moodle / Turnitin 里分数旁边。很多同学只看分数不看 feedback —— 亏。
Rubric / Marking scheme评分标准
作业怎么打分的细则。开工前把 rubric 读一遍,比闷头写半天强。
Turnitin查重系统
提交后自动生成 similarity report。10–20% 常见,30% 以上要警惕,超过 40% 大概率被叫去 interview。
Academic Misconduct学术不端
抄袭、代写、未声明的 AI 使用、考试作弊等。严重的会 fail 该科甚至开除。
Plagiarism抄袭
最常见的学术不端。直接复制、没引用转述、自己抄自己(self-plagiarism)都算。
First / 2:1 / 2:2 / Third学位等级
本科毕业分级:70+ First、60–69 Upper Second (2:1)、50–59 Lower Second (2:2)、40–49 Third。硕士多数只分 Distinction (70+) / Merit (60–69) / Pass (50–59)。
Office hours答疑时间
老师固定留出让学生来问问题的时段。可以直接去 —— 不用邮件申请。
Handbook手册
每个专业都有的官方手册 PDF。截止日期、评分规则、申诉流程、出勤要求都在里面 —— 开学第一天就应该存到本地。
Student Hub / Portal / Registry学生系统
学校的总系统,查成绩、看注册状态、下成绩单、开 CAS 信都在这里。不等于 Moodle / Canvas。
提交前自查 · Pre-submission checklist
每次提交前花 5 分钟过一遍这个列表。状态保存在当前浏览器,下次打开还在。
文档格式
- 字数在要求的 ±10% 之内References 通常不计入字数;图表里的词是否计要看 brief
- 字体/字号/行距符合 brief(常见 Arial 11 或 Times New Roman 12,1.5 倍行距)
- 所有页都有页码 封面和 references 页通常也要
- 页眉或页脚有 Student Number(不要写姓名,英国多数匿名批改)
- 文件名按要求:
[StudentID]_[ModuleCode]_[Assessment].pdf - 导出为 brief 指定的格式(通常 PDF,有时要 .docx 或 .zip)
内容 / 写作
- 你确实回答了题目里的那个 question,不是你想答的那个问题
- 没有第一人称(除非是 reflective essay / personal statement)"In this report" 可以;"I think" 一般要去掉
- 每段开头有 topic sentence,读起来像一个个有结论的小段,而不是一锅稀的
- 段落之间有过渡,不是硬切
- 有 Introduction 说会做什么、有 Conclusion 回答了开头的问题
- 图表都编号了(Figure 1 / Table 1…)并在正文里被引用过
引用 / 查重
- 全篇只用一种引用风格(Harvard / APA / OSCOLA)
- 正文里每个 in-text 都在 References 找得到;References 里每一条都在正文出现过
- References 按作者姓氏 A–Z 排序
- 直接引用(带引号的)都标了页码
- 按学校规定声明了 AI 工具使用情况(若使用了)
- Turnitin similarity 跑过一次 —— 看到了具体数字,不是盲交
提交前的最后三件事
- 提前 2 小时以上 打开提交页面,不要掐表 23:59 上传(Moodle 会卡)
- 提交后拿到了 submission receipt(邮件或系统确认),截图存档
- 自己回看一次提交上去的 PDF —— 确认不是空文件、不是旧版本
状态只保存在当前浏览器